Coherent states of the Laguerre-Gauss modes.

Large quantum photonic systems hold promise for surpassing classical computational limits, yet their state preparation remains a challenge. We propose an alternative approach to study multiparticle dynamics by mapping the excitation mode of these systems to physical properties of the Laguerre-Gauss modes. We construct coherent states establishing a direct link between excitation number dynamics and the evolution of the Laguerre-Gauss modes. This highlights the photon transverse spatial degree of freedom as a versatile platform for testing the fundamental aspects of quantum multiparticle systems.

Eritema postimplantación asociado a implante mamario tratado con láser de colorante pulsado / Post-Implantation Erythema Associated to a Breast Implant Treated With Pulsed-Dye Laser

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Malformaciones capilares tratadas con aplicación secuencial de láser de colorante pulsado y Nd:YAG: estudio retrospectivo / Capillary Malformations Treated With Sequential Pulsed Dye and Nd:YAG Laser Therapy: A Retrospective Study

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: Las malformaciones capilares son las malformaciones vasculares más frecuentes en la infancia. El tratamiento de elección sigue siendo el láser de colorante pulsado (LCP), sin embargo, la resolución completa con este habitualmente no se consigue, motivo por el que se siguen buscando otras alternativas terapéuticas. En este estudio comunicamos nuestra experiencia con el láser dual secuencial de LCP y Nd:YAG. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se efectuó un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de los pacientes con malformaciones capilares tratados con el láser dual de LCP y Nd:YAG desde 2006 hasta 2011. Cuatro dermatólogos valoraron el grado de eficacia en una escala del 10 al 0. Se analizó la posibilidad de factores predictores de mejor respuesta al tratamiento: sexo, color de la lesión, existencia de hipertrofia asociada y tamaño de la malformación. Se recogieron igualmente los efectos secundarios. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 71 pacientes, presentando el conjunto de ellos una mejoría estadísticamente significativa tras el tratamiento. Las malformaciones de coloración violácea que tenían hipertrofia asociada y las de menor tamaño se asociaron con una mejor respuesta. Se produjeron efectos adversos en un 26,76% de los pacientes, siendo la presencia de zonas atróficas puntuales el más frecuente. CONCLUSIONES: Consideramos que el láser dual de LCP y Nd:YAG es una alternativa eficaz para el tratamiento de malformaciones capilares en paciente seleccionados

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Capillary malformations are the most common vascular malformations in childhood. The current treatment of choice is pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy, but this frequently does not result in complete resolution. The search for alternative treatment strategies thus continues. In this study we describe our experience with the use of sequential dual-wavelength PDL and Nd:YAG laser therapy in patients with capillary malformations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of patients with capillary malformations treated with dual-wavelength PDL and Nd:YAG laser therapy between 2006 and 2011. Four dermatologists rated the effectiveness of treatment on a scale of 10 to 0. We also investigated the potential value of the following factors as predictors of better treatment response: sex, malformation size and color, and presence of associated hypertrophy. Adverse effects were also analyzed. RESULTS: We studied 71 patients and most of them experienced a statistically significant improvement after treatment. More favorable responses were observed for violaceous malformations, lesions with associated hypertrophy, and smaller lesions. Adverse effects were reported for 26.76% of patients, and the most common effect was the appearance of isolated areas of skin atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that sequential dual-wavelength PDL and ND:YAG laser therapy is an effective alternative for treating capillary malformations in selected patients

Capillary Malformations Treated With Sequential Pulsed Dye and Nd:YAG Laser Therapy: A Retrospective Study. / Malformaciones capilares tratadas con aplicación secuencial de láser de colorante pulsado y Nd:YAG: estudio retrospectivo.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Capillary malformations are the most common vascular malformations in childhood. The current treatment of choice is pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy, but this frequently does not result in complete resolution. The search for alternative treatment strategies thus continues. In this study we describe our experience with the use of sequential dual-wavelength PDL and Nd:YAG laser therapy in patients with capillary malformations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of patients with capillary malformations treated with dual-wavelength PDL and Nd:YAG laser therapy between 2006 and 2011. Four dermatologists rated the effectiveness of treatment on a scale of 10 to 0. We also investigated the potential value of the following factors as predictors of better treatment response: sex, malformation size and color, and presence of associated hypertrophy. Adverse effects were also analyzed. RESULTS: We studied 71 patients and most of them experienced a statistically significant improvement after treatment. More favorable responses were observed for violaceous malformations, lesions with associated hypertrophy, and smaller lesions. Adverse effects were reported for 26.76% of patients, and the most common effect was the appearance of isolated areas of skin atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that sequential dual-wavelength PDL and ND:YAG laser therapy is an effective alternative for treating capillary malformations in selected patients.

Patient and physician satisfaction in an observational study with methyl aminolevulinate daylight photodynamic therapy in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face and scalp in six European countries.

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend treating actinic keratoses (AKs) as they are recognized as precursors of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to collect real-world clinical data on the use of methyl aminolevulinate daylight photodynamic therapy (MAL DL-PDT) for the treatment of face and scalp AK in Europe. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study was conducted in six European countries in patients receiving a single treatment of MAL DL-PDT for face and/or scalp AK. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed by patient questionnaires at baseline and at 3 months after treatment, efficacy was assessed at 3 months using a 6-point global improvement scale, and adverse events (AE) were recorded at each visit. RESULTS: Overall, 325 patients were enrolled from 52 investigational centres, 314 of whom attended the 3-month visit. Most patients had multiple lesions (58.4% had >10 lesions) with lesions mainly located on the scalp (60.0%) and/or forehead (54.2%). AKs were predominantly grade I (39.4%) or grade II (33.2%), and 10.5% of patients had grade III lesions. The proportions of patients and physicians that were overall satisfied to very satisfied with the MAL DL-PDT treatment were 80.4% and 90.3%, respectively. The vast majority of patients (90.0%) would consider using MAL DL-PDT again if needed. Physician-assessed efficacy at 3 months was at least much improved in 83.5% of patients, with 45.9% of patients requiring no retreatment. Related AEs were reported in 15% of patients. CONCLUSION: Use of MAL DL-PDT for multiple face and/or scalp AKs resulted in high levels of patient and physician satisfaction in clinical practice in Europe, reflecting the good efficacy and high tolerability of this convenient procedure.

Leishmaniasis cutánea y visceral en una lactante sana / Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in a healthy infant

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Daylight photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate cream is effective and nearly painless in treating actinic keratoses: a randomised, investigator-blinded, controlled, phase III study throughout Europe.

BACKGROUND: Unmet needs exist in actinic keratosis (AK) treatment. Daylight photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) has shown good efficacy and safety results compared to conventional PDT (c-PDT) in a recent Phase III multi-centre randomised controlled trial in Australia among 100 subjects with AKs. OBJECTIVES: Demonstrate non-inferior efficacy and superior safety of DL-PDT compared to c-PDT in treating multiple mild and/or moderate facial/scalp AKs. METHODS: Phase III, 12 week, multi-centre, randomised, investigator-blinded, controlled, intra-individual study conducted at different latitudes in Europe. AKs of adult subjects were treated once with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) DL-PDT on one side of the face and MAL c-PDT contralaterally. Endpoints for DL-PDT concerned efficacy (non-inferiority regarding complete lesion response at week 12) and safety (superiority regarding subject's assessment of pain after treatment, on an 11-point numeric rating scale). Safety evaluation also included incidence of adverse events. Subject satisfaction was described using a questionnaire at baseline and last visit. RESULTS: At week 12, the total lesion complete response rate with DL-PDT was similar (non-inferior) to c-PDT (70% vs. 74%, respectively; 95% CI [-9.5; 2.4] in PP analysis, confirmed in ITT analysis). In addition, efficacy of DL-PDT was demonstrated regardless of weather conditions (sunny or cloudy). DL-PDT was nearly painless compared to c-PDT (0.7 vs. 4.4, respectively; P < 0.001), better tolerated and resulted in higher subject satisfaction. CONCLUSION: DL-PDT in comparison with c-PDT was as effective, better tolerated and nearly painless with high patient satisfaction, and may be considered a treatment of choice to meet needs of patients with mild or moderate facial/scalp AKs.

Documento de consenso hispano-portugués para el uso de la terapia fotodinámica con metil aminolevulinato y luz de día en el tratamiento de las queratosis actínicas / Spanish-Portuguese Consensus Statement on Use of Daylight-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy With Methyl Aminolevulinate in the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La terapia fotodinámica con luz de día (TFDLD) es una nueva modalidad de terapia fotodinámica (TFD) que, manteniendo la misma eficacia en queratosis actínicas (QA) grado Iy II que la técnica convencional, disminuye sus efectos adversos y la hace más eficiente. Los condicionantes meteorológicos propios de la España y Portugal hacen necesario el establecimiento de un protocolo adecuado y consensuado por expertos adaptado a los mismos. OBJETIVO: Establecer un protocolo para la TFDLD con metil-aminolevulinato (MAL) para el tratamiento de las QA grado I y II adecuado y consensuado a las características epidemiológicas, meteorológicas y clínicas que se dan en España y Portugal. MÉTODO: Doce dermatólogos de diferentes áreas geográficas de ambos países, con experiencia en el tratamiento de las QA con TFD, se reunieron para elaborar un documento de consenso para la realización de TFDLD con MAL. De la revisión de la bibliografía y de su experiencia se elaboró el procedimiento recomendado para su realización. RESULTADOS: Las recomendaciones adoptadas establecen que los pacientes con QA grado I y II múltiples, especialmente en el contexto de campo de cancerización, son los candidatos a realizar este tratamiento. La TFDLD se puede realizar durante todo el año, siendo limitaciones las temperaturas menores de 10°C o las excesivamente elevadas, así como los días de lluvia, nieve o niebla. El procedimiento es sencillo y requiere la aplicación de un fotoprotector FPS>30 que solo contenga filtros orgánicos, la preparación adecuada de las lesiones, la aplicación del MAL sin oclusión y su activación con la luz del día durante 2h. CONCLUSIÓN: Este documento de consenso supone una guía práctica y detallada para la realización de la TFDLD con MAL en España y Portugal destinada a la consecución de la máxima efectividad con mínimos efectos adversos

INTRODUCTION: Daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new type of PDT that is as effective as conventional PDT in grade 1 and 2 actinic keratosis but with fewer adverse effects, resulting in greater efficiency. The climatic conditions in the Iberian Peninsula require an appropriately adapted consensus protocol. OBJECTIVE: We describe a protocol for the treatment of grade 1 and 2 actinic keratosis with daylight-mediated PDT and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) adapted to the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Spanish and Portuguese patients and the climatic conditions of both countries. METHODS: Twelve dermatologists from different parts of Spain and Portugal with experience in the treatment of actinic keratosis with PDT convened to draft a consensus statement for daylight-mediated PDT with MAL in these countries. Based on a literature review and their own clinical experience, the group developed a recommended protocol. RESULTS: According to the recommendations adopted, patients with multiple grade 1 and 2 lesions, particularly those at risk of developing cancer, are candidates for this type of therapy. Daylight-mediated PDT can be administered throughout the year, although it is not indicated at temperatures below 10°C or at excessively high temperatures. Likewise, therapy should not be administered when it is raining, snowing, or foggy. The procedure is simple, requiring application of a sunscreen with a protection factor of at least 30 based exclusively on organic filters, appropriate preparation of the lesions, application of MAL without occlusion, and activation in daylight for 2hours. CONCLUSION: This consensus statement represents a practical and detailed guideline to achieve maximum effectiveness of daylight-mediated PDT with MAL in Spain and Portugal with minimal adverse effects

Dolor abdominal: no siempre es lo que parece / Abdominal pain is not always what it seems

La obstrucción de la unión pieloureteral es la causa más frecuente de hidronefrosis en la infancia. El uso de las ecografías prenatales ha provocado un cambio en la presentación clínica de la hidronefrosis, permitiendo el diagnóstico antes de que existan síntomas. Pero existen casos de diagnóstico tardío, en la edad preescolar o escolar (AU)

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is the most common cause of pediatric hydronephrosis. The typical presentation of hydronephrosis has changed since the widespread use of antenatal ultrasonography and nowadays diagnosis may be set before symptoms begin. But there are cases of late diagnosis in preschool or school age (AU)

Spanish-Portuguese consensus statement on use of daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate in the treatment of actinic keratosis.

INTRODUCTION: Daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new type of PDT that is as effective as conventional PDT in grade 1 and 2 actinic keratosis but with fewer adverse effects, resulting in greater efficiency. The climatic conditions in the Iberian Peninsula require an appropriately adapted consensus protocol. OBJECTIVE: We describe a protocol for the treatment of grade 1 and 2 actinic keratosis with daylight-mediated PDT and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) adapted to the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Spanish and Portuguese patients and the climatic conditions of both countries. METHODS: Twelve dermatologists from different parts of Spain and Portugal with experience in the treatment of actinic keratosis with PDT convened to draft a consensus statement for daylight-mediated PDT with MAL in these countries. Based on a literature review and their own clinical experience, the group developed a recommended protocol. RESULTS: According to the recommendations adopted, patients with multiple grade 1 and 2 lesions, particularly those at risk of developing cancer, are candidates for this type of therapy. Daylight-mediated PDT can be administered throughout the year, although it is not indicated at temperatures below 10°C or at excessively high temperatures. Likewise, therapy should not be administered when it is raining, snowing, or foggy. The procedure is simple, requiring application of a sunscreen with a protection factor of at least 30 based exclusively on organic filters, appropriate preparation of the lesions, application of MAL without occlusion, and activation in daylight for 2hours. CONCLUSION: This consensus statement represents a practical and detailed guideline to achieve maximum effectiveness of daylight-mediated PDT with MAL in Spain and Portugal with minimal adverse effects.

Six years of experience in photodynamic therapy for Basal cell carcinoma: results and fluorescence diagnosis from 191 lesions.

Background. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a therapeutic option for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the last decade. Objectives. To study the results and predictors of BCC response to treatment with PDT and to evaluate fluorescence diagnosis of BCC. Methods. A descriptive, retrospective, and observational study was carried out. Patients with biopsy-confirmed BCC who were treated with methyl aminolevulinate and red light according to standard treatment protocols (2 sessions separated by 2 weeks, 630 nm, 37 J/cm(2), 8 minutes, Aktilite) were selected. Response was scored as clinically complete and incomplete and the patients were followed up every three months. Results. Data from 191 BCC in 181 patients with a mean age of 69.55 years and a mean follow-up period of 34.4 months were collected. The overall response was 74% of the BCC treated, with the best response in superficial BCC with a 95% of complete response. The regression analysis revealed that the superficial histological type was the primary factor predictive of a complete response. Conclusions. In the treatment of BCC with PDT, the most significant factor for predicting response is the histological type.